托福阅读当中考查长难句的题型是句子简化题和句子插入题目,托福阅读考试一篇只有20分钟的时间。在这20分钟当中要完成14道题目,对于语法基础并不是很好的学生,会花费非常多的时间。对于这样的题目,如果学会迅速抓住句子之间内在的逻辑关系也是会非常快的做对题目,那下面我们就来总结一下,托福阅读当中常见的逻辑关系都有哪些?
1. 否定
明显: no, not, none, neither, never, deny
隐含: fail to, absence from, lack of, refuse to, little, few
否定前缀: a-, ab-, anti-, counter-, de-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mal-, mis-, non-, un-…
否定后缀: -less, free-, proof-
2. 并列
and/or, like, likewise, equally, the same as, same/similar to, in the same way
both…and…, neither…nor… as well as, not only…but also…/vice versa
3. 因果
明显:because, since, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, so…that…, therefore, thus,
hence.
隐含:导致:in as much as, cause, lead to, stimulate, spur, spark, push, motive,
prompt, be responsible to
由于: derive from, result from, come from, originate from, initiate from
on account of, in view of, according to, rely on, depend on
4. 条件
明显: if, unless, as long as, in case that/of
隐含: suppose/supposing that, providing/provided that, on condition that,
except when=unless
5. 比较
明显: 比较级,最高级+than
隐含: 最高意义:maximum, favorite, outstanding, top
6. 转折
明显:but, yet, however, though, although, even if, even though, while, whereas,
nevertheless, despite, in spite of, instead, in contrast, contrast to
on the contrary, different from, differ from, conversely
隐含: for all;倒装+as;even+时间(even when)但不重要
超隐含: 时间,空间,事物对比
关于a开头的单词,通常情况下,
在重读音节里面读它的短音a, 比如apple,而在非重读音节里面要弱,读?,如abrupt或者你问题中的accomplish。
关于e开头的单词发音有三种类型:
单音节单词有两种可能:
1. Pronounce long e, in words like: eve,eat, east
2. Pronounce short e, in words like: egg,edge, etch, end
双音节单词有三种可能:
1. Pronounce long e, in words like: even,evil, easy, eagle, eastern
2. Pronounce short e, in words like: ever,echo, enter, empty, essay, essence, etching
3. Pronounce short i, in word like: event
多音节单词有三种可能:
1. Pronounce long e, in words like: evening
2. Pronounce short e, in words like: every,escalate, estimate, enemy, energy, envelope
3. Pronounce short i, in words like:eventually, etc.
致于前缀:en-, ex-, extra, 以及 ex- 的变体(如:emit, erase)。对不起!我也没有特地总结过。
但是你举的三个词语,except experience excise也可以用a发音的方法辨认发音。
如except experience重音在后面一个音节,于是发i的音
excise重音在第一个音节 所以发e音
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